Chinese cuisine has a very long history and is renowned all over the world. Cantonese (the style most Westerners are most familiar with) is just one regional style of Chinese cooking. There are eight major schools of Chinese cuisine, named after the places where they were conceived: Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan and Zhejiang. China's cuisine breaks down into four major regional categories:
Northern cuisineBeijing food has developed from the Shandong school of cuisine and tends to be very hearty.
Specialties:• Peking duck
(roasted and eaten in a thin pancake with cucumber and a sweet plum sauce).
• Mongolian hot pot (a Chinese version of fondue; it is eaten in a communal style and consists of simmering soup in a special large round pot into which is dipped a variety of uncooked meats and vegetables, which are cooked on the spot).
•
Shuijiao (pasta-like dough wrapped round pork meat, chives and onions, similar in idea to Italian ravioli; these can be bought by the
jin (pound) in street markets and small eating houses, and make a good snack).
Southern cuisineGuangdong (Cantonese) food is the most exotic in China. The food markets in Guangzhou are a testimony to this, and the Western visitor is often shocked by the enormous variety of rare and exotic animals that are used in the cuisine, including snake, dog, turtle and wildcat.
Specialties:• Dim sum served at lunch.
• Shrimp
wonton noodle soup.
Eastern cuisineShanghai and Zhejiang cooking is rich and sweet, often pickled. Noted for seafood, richly braised meats, hot and sour soup and noodles.
Specialties:• Xiao long bao (steamed dumplings filled with pork, crabmeat and flavorful broth).
• Shengjian Mantou (pan fried pork buns eaten dipped in vinegar).
• Hairy crabs.
Western cuisineSichuan and Hunan food is bold and spicy, with liberal use of the mouth-numbing Sichuan peppercorn.
Specialties:• Kung po chicken.
•
Dandan noodles.
• Mapodoufu (spicy beancurd).
National drinks:• One of the best-known national drinks is
Maotai, a fiery spirit distilled from rice wine.
• Local beers are of good quality, notably
Tsingtao, which is similar to German lager.
• Wine drinking is rapidly growing in popularity amongst China's middle classes.
Great Wall and
Dynasty are the most prolific producers, but boutique wines from
Grace Vineyard and
Catai (owned by the Campari group) are more palatable.
Legal drinking age: Although China has no minimum legal drinking age, a ban on the sale of alcohol to under-18s was introduced in January 2006.
Tipping: Still not officially approved of, tipping is becoming more commonplace in China. It is usual in tourist hotels and restaurants, and with tour guides and drivers. A service charge is often added by restaurants in large hotels.
NightlifeShanghai and Beijing have world-class nightlife scenes, with an eclectic array of international
restaurants,
bars,
cocktail lounges,
live music venues and
nightclubs heaving until the early hours. Outside the cosmopolitan cities, evening entertainment tends to be restricted to restaurants, karaoke parlours and
gaming halls, where people gather to play cards, snooker and
mahjong. Travelers to larger cities generally sample the culture with visits to Chinese
opera,
circus,
ballet and
theater.
Karaoke (written
OK+ on Chinese signs) is very popular countrywide, with some karaoke venues offering over 100 private rooms, dinner buffets and 24-hour service. Traditional
local music and dancing is often found in areas where there are strong ethnic minority groups, notably in provinces including Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Sichuan.
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